Classification of tool damage and cause reference

（Remark）* 1.Including installation angle of tooling etc
          *2.Including heat treatment, that is to say, characteristics of materials that undergo heat treatment, aging treatment etc
          *3.Including gas, steam, blow air etc, including special cooling method like electronic cooling, humid gasification cooling, liquefied gas cooling
          *4.Characteristics of liquid used (that is, physical property like interface activity, dilution etc.)
          *5.Including rigidity of cut materials or installed part of tooling
◆Characteristics and composition of damaged cutting edge related to its structure
Damage
classification		 Damage form Configuration Relevant situation and composition
Clearance
abrasion
Wear
It is also called normal abrasion. When there is little friction heat,
the tiny grains falling from hard grain of machined material or carbide
alloy bump, which will cause falling.
Hard、compression strength
Co quantity、Size of WC (carbide)
grain
Thermal
abrasion
Wear
Applying under high temperature or because of reduced bonding
strength of alloy caused by friction heat, abrasion quickens
Hardness、compression strength、
thermal conductivity、Co quantity 、
Tic& Tac quantity
Press-
joining
Wear、little turned edge
due to hot weld bond
Under high temperature and high pressure, when contacting machined
materials or producing large friction heat, due to fusion welding and diffusion,
alloy will bend and its abrasion will accelerate
Hardness、compression strength、
toughness、Co quantity
Fusion
welding
diffusion
Crescent depression
Under high pressure, when rubbing part of machined material and it adheres,
its strength exceeds the bonding strength of alloy, which will cause falling of
little grains, thus leading to abrasion and turned edge
Tic, Tac, Co quantity、
Size of WC grain
Plastic
deformation
Deformation, indentation,
protruding cutting pill
collapse, tooth notching
crack,wear
When temperature is decreased or force above elastic limit increased due
to high temperature, most of tooth notching cracks and abrasion are caused
by bending of bond layer
Hardness、compression strength、
elastic limit、toughness、
Co quantity
Tooth
notching
Crack 、breach、turned edge
Unjust inner side, mechanical impact, plastic deformation,
fatigue caused by reciprocating stress or exceeding limit strength,
if occur in part, turned edge, cracks will happen; if occur in large area,
destruction will happen
Toughness、tensile strength、
Impact characteristics、
Co quantity、size of WC grain
Thermal
crack
Creak、breach
Crack, even destruction caused by heat impact or partial heating
Toughness、thermal expansion rate、
thermal conductivity、
Tic&Tac, Co quantity